Etectbic -heathst



Z 5 1 2. 7 J 2, fl 0 0 mm M 1 J 1 7 9 1 m 1 I m l .5 mw i nruF: in?31:12::5:115;1:un"5:: I: m F n m 0 m z E P J. C. CAVITT.

ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 21, I92].

J. [3. CAViTT. ELECIRTC'HEAMH APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27,192l.

Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

gwuanfoz J. E. llaxzifi.

61th: eur

J. C. CAVIT'T. ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION men APR. 22. 1921.

1,424,340, Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

REM;

gwuantoz attozm f UNITED STATES JOHN '0. Cum, or :wmnron, .wEsr ivmorm.

nmcrmcnmrnie err-mains,

fipccificatioimf LctterslPl-atent.

Patented Aug. E1, 1922.

Application filed mm, iee l 'sm'arroAegpse;

ToaZZ whom it may concern;

Be it -lrnown-thht I; Jenn-C. Curr-r e citizen of the United State's, residing at Weirton, in the countyof Hancock and State of West Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Impi'ove ments in' Electric Heating Ap a'ratusg-of which the following is a speci cation This invention relates to electric *fiuid heaters of thetype in -whioh"'-th"fiiiid is heated *by passing. the current directly through the'serne, and the;obj ects';o'f tirednvention a re=to=provide first, a heater ,o'f-this type, hating a number .ofsafety features, which-can be-used 'for-num'erouspur ose s, such as for heatingwater for'househol purposes. for generatin steam for heating systems, or for scientific research work, second to provide'means =for automatically regulating the amount of current flowing through theliquid, thirdto provide automatic means for cutting out the heater when the temperature o'f'sthe liquid reaches a, redeten mined degree, and fourth-toprovi e means for permitting thenuton atiostartino and stopping-of the heater whenso desire ()ther objects of the inventionare to pro-' ride a novel form of-container for the li uid so-that-the'liquid-will he -readily heete and to provide a -novel-means for mounting the electrodes within theliquid-to ermit the-ready flow-of current therethroug With these and otherobjects-in view, the invention consists in the novel construction. arrangementand formation of )arts, as will 3e hereinafter more specifically described, claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part-of this specification in which drawings:

Figure 1 is u vertical section through the improved heater.

Figure 2 is'a horizontal section through the same, taken on the linc 22 of Flgure 1.

Figure 3 is on enlarged fragments section through the -autornatic means' for cntting-out the heater when the temperature of the water reaches a predetermined deree. g Figure 4 is'an enlarged fragmentary section through the upper end of the same illustratin the type-of circuit maker'and breaker utilized.

Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of'the float carrying the'bridge piece ofthe circuit maker and breaker.

Figure 6 is a topplan view of the stationary section carryin the pair of spaced contaotn olnts'adi pte to be 'bridged -by the brr g'e piececar'ried by the -float, the stem of the 1'nember beings own insection. ihilgure -fis e diegrammatic view or" the mm circuit for theheater.

"Re erriri'g' to the drawings in detail, wherein similar'meference characters designate correspondin parts throughout the several -views,'-the etterI-A indicates-the improved beaten; which includes the :liquid eontein'er'fBj; the protecting easing C there fog-the liqi'lidflheating'derice-pro er D; the autom-atic' means- E "for regfi sting 'thc amount-of "current flowin throughthe liquidyhn'd' F, the'-automat1c meansfor cutting oiit the h'eiit'er when the liquid reaches a predetei-mined 't'emperaturc.

The liquid container B includes a body pprtion'-10,; a"-s'tem' ortion 11 and a head 12. "The body portion 1,0,th'e; stem 11 am the h'ea'd 12-mp.ybe dfanypreferred construction or' coiifignration, and in the body portion 10 is -pcis tioned the main body of water to he -heated', end the heater proper is positionedtherein; As the water is heated in the body portion 310, the same arisesthroughthestemLI-into the head 12, wherethe same is returned'to the lower portion of thebddy 10 b "means of a plurality of return pipes 14,-w ich are positioned at spaced points around the container. The head 12 may be-provided with a filler cap 15, so as to permit-the siuneto be readily filled with water, and if so desired, the same may carry asuitable gauge or escape valve 16. so thatthe amount of water in the container can be readily determined. I

The protecting casing G'is adapted to completely honsethewater container B and its associatqpartsnnd the casing C, may be made of any desired materiel or ofany dc sired shape-or configuration, so as to present a 'pleasing-appeoranccto theeye. As shown theprctectmg casing C 'is'of a ,cylindrical form, end'includes the side wall 18, the bottom wall 19, and the top will 20. The top wall 20 may be provided with a hinged cover 21, in order to permit the ready filling of'the c 'ntainer'B, and if so desired, the whole top -w all QO-msybejmadc removable in order to permit access to be had to the wholeinterior-ofthe casing. The liquid container-"B can be-s p'oced -'from the lower wall 19 by meansof suitable insulating' blocks 22.

The electric heating means pro or D in cludcs an upper electrode 23 an a lower electrode 24. Each of these electrodes-ere of substantially the same construction and include flat superposed bases 25 and'hollow stems 26. These electrodes can be initially adjusted in relation to each other and held in their adjusted positions by means of set screws 27 and 28 which are adapted to frictionally engage the stems. As shown the set screw 28 is carried by a suitable insulating bushinq 29 which iscarried b the bottom wall of the body portion of t e liquid contniner. It can be seen thatthe stemof the lower electrode passes 'throughthe bushing, and that the electrode can be moved toward or away from the central rt' ofthe body portion 10. The set screw ,is carried by a sleeve and is adapted to .frictionall enage the stem 26 of the up er electr e 23. The sleeve 30 is carried by to lopver hollow arm 3] of hollow post32, which is slidably mounted in a' suitable insulated busbin .553, which is carried 1) the npper xvelhgglt 9 body portion 10 o the water container 'lhis bushing 33 is so formedas to ebsolutely preclude the escaping of liquid from around the same.

.The hollow stem of the lower electrode has arranged therein one end ofen electric wire 34, while the hollow stern of the upper electrode 23 has arran ed therein one end of the electric wire 35. electric wire also passes through the hollow a.ngle-end 31 of the post 32 and throu h the post 32.

The ends of the wires 34 and 5 may be held in place in the electrodes. by zrpeans of set screws or the like 36.- p 1 I l The wire 34 leads to one terminal of a suitable hand operated switch 37, which may be of an p z-ererred character. As shown this hanr operated switch is of the push button type and is secured in any preferred manner to the side wall 18 of the protecting casing C. This switch 37 has also connected thereto the line wires 38 of a suitable electric supply circuit. The opposite terminal of the switch has secured thereto a .wire 39. The wire 39 leads to one terminal of a suitable contact making clock of any preferred type, which is arranged to shut cprrent off or turn it on at stated periods of tune. The other terminal of this contact making clock which is designated by the numeral 40 has the electric wire 41 secured thereto which leads to one contact of the automatic circuit maker and breaker F. which will be herein after more fully described. The-other contact of the circuit maker and breaker has connected thereto a wire 42, which leads to oneteriniml of a suitable solenoid 43, which forms a. part of the automatic current regulator E which will now be described. 'Ihewindings of the solenoid 43 have councctedthereto at different points the different plugs of a rheostat 44th:: lever of which has electrically connected thereto the wire 35. It can be seen that bymoring the lever 45 over plu 44, the amount of current passin throng the solenoid 43 will he regulate The upper end of the post 32 has secured thereto in any preferred manner the core 46 of the solenoid 43, and this regulator device E operates as follows: When it is desired to allow a certain amount ofcurrent to ass between theelectrodes 23 and 24, the r sostat lever 45 is moved into on gement with the plug which represents t is amount of current. The solenoid 43 will then become energized and raise the core 46 to a, predeterrnmed. he' ht which will space the electrodes 23 an 24 a predetermined distance.

The electrodes will hold this position as long as thecurrent remains at this amperage, but lithe current rises beyond this -amperage, the current in, the solenoid will be increased,

.whichnyillraise the core 46 further into the solenoid and thus space the electrodes 23 and further-distance :1 art. If the current shonldfall below the ribsired amperage for any 1'eason',-tho electrodes will be moved closer to each other. By this construction, it can be seen .that the current passing through the liquid in the container can be held in any desired amperage. In order to prevent, .the turning of the post 32, it is desired that the 0011346 be poly ona'l shaped in cross section, and thc'insice surface of the core shaped to conform to this configuration. The solenoid 43 can be held by means of.u suitable bracket 48 to the stem 11 of the liquid container B.

The automatic means F. for cutting out. the heater D when the liquid reaches a redetermined temperature includes a g ass tube 50 having an angular end 51, which is adapted to be inserted within the stem 11 of the liquid container B. If so desired the terminal of the angular end 51 may be enlarged to a spherical shape, as shown at 52. A suitable protecting metallic housing 53 may be provided for the tube if so desired, leaving only the spherical end 52 thereof exposed. The same is held in position by means of a liquid tight collar or the like 54. The tube is adapted to receive a predetermined quanti ty of mercury 55 and ou top of the mercury is placed a. quantity of oil 66 ofhigh insulating qualities an high flash test A suit able insulating cap 57 is threaded into the upper end of the tube and supports a hollow threaded stem 58 which can be raisedor lowered by turning the stem 58 in the cap. The lower end of the hollow stem 58 has secured thereto an insulating plate 59, and the upper surface of this plate has secured thereto the spaced contact plates (50 and 61, to which are secured respectively the wires 41 and 42. A float 62 is arranged on the upper surface of the oil 56 and cnrriesa su able .ring 63 formed of electricity conductingimateria], and this rin" forms a bridge piece for the contacts-60 an 61. The =fioatfi2 is provided with -acentral bore through which the stem '68 protrudes and ,the :stem forms a guide for the float. It can bcisseuithat the xvii-es .41 anfc1 '42 extend I/hrough the-stem .58.

If sac-desired the ring-68may beiprovided with a .plurality of struck-out tits-66,1inor- "der to insure. the contactingiofithe bridge ril filifiwith the cOntacts-fiO-and 61. v

e'pperation o f i this automatic cut out is as'follows:

, When the avatar reaches i a predetermined temperature, the mercury :55 will expand, thusraising. the oil 56 which will'carry, the float tfiiawgy from the-stationary plate 59 and consequently breaking the circnitE.-betwecnthecontacts'fiound 61. It can-be seen that by raisingsonlomering-the plate-59, the point at whichthe circuit can-lbs broken: can be regulated.-

The operation .of ;the' improved electric heater ,is -98 iqll wsz ,Water or other 1 liquid is introduced -in-the container :3 through the filling cap-1'5 and the rheostat 143s a'd usted to the desired amperage, and .the switch 37 'is actuated in? order .to permit the current to flow throughathe' wiremihl and-34. E lie ourrent will flow through, say the wire :39, through the vautomatic cutJoutF, through'zthe wire 42, the solenoid 43," the wire 35, tothe electrode 23, through the liquid, throu 'h the eleotrode'24, throughthc-wire 34 and back out-flirouglrtheswitch 37. The passage of the current through the 1 electrodes and the liquid will-raise the, temperature of the liquid =.and;.the ,ssmdwill rise through the stem 11 intoithehead 12 and will then return backito the body;,portion 210 through the return; pipes 14.

While an olectrictime clock 40 has been shown in the-circuit, it is to-be understood that the same can be eliminated vif so-desired.

A suitable drain cock 70 communicates with the body portion 10 and permits the liquid to'be drawn from the container B when so desired.

If desirable the protecting casin C may be mounted on the suitable casters (1.

From the foregoing description, it can be seen that an electric liquid heater has been provided of simple construction, whlch will permit the ready heating of water and which embodies a number of safety features for controlling the flow of current through the liquid and for cutting; off the heater when the temperature of the water reaches a predetermined degree.

Changes in details may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention but,

I claim:

1. An electric heater for liquids compris ing a liquid container, 1m electric. circuit, a pairof electrodes-inter osed in the circult and; m'raugedcinnthe uid in the. container-,ahdmeana; forgginitial y iadjusting: the position of the electrodes in-:relatiomto each other.;

- -2- All electric heater. forsl-i uids compris ing, =a'. liquid container, (anectrim :circuit, a pair of electrodes inhthef ciricuilz' and arranged insthe liquid theLcontainen-iand a solenoid interposed in .ithe gciiollitwfflr iactuating one of the LQIWOCIGSISO- thaththc electrode wilL bebro ht-inearer-to or further from-the .ot-hor.-e eotmdewaecordingito the amount .of current massing through the solenoid.

- .3.':A-ll'fillftl'lc heatert-foriliquius comprls ingaliquid-container, aan elebtrictpircuit, a pair nf-electrodes-nintarposed lfl'itlleacllcllil. and :arr (in thediguid initheicontainer, means formitinllyradjusting the: ositionof the electrodes linzrelztioniitosieac .nthar, a sliding! carrier for one at 'sthe: electrodes, a solenoid interposed- -iin the, ricitcuit; and :arraugefl to receive Ithe cal-mien, whereby .the electrode-may :belbrou ht nearer .to orifurtherfrom the; ;other e ectrode according to the ,amountwf; current passing; through; the solenoid.

' 4..gAn -:e1ectuic 1163021"f0IillqU1dS=00mPllS ingnr liquid contain nmn-1 ctric circuit, 'a paar -.,o.;;electrodes interposed iusthe circuit and arrengedjn the'li uidain-rthecontainer, a'solenoid inter ,osedl-m flie--circuit,-=a-corc fprtheirsoleno' ievcam-iersiorone of the electrodes slidabl curried by the container and secured -to -t esco re so" that. thelelectrode' will be movedfneare to =.or further from the other, eleotrodeaaccording -to the amount of current passing --through the solenoid amanually operated :rheostat interposedilrthe circuit and connected to the solenoid, and mcans'for introducing liquid into the container.

5. An electric heater for-liquids comprising, ailiquidcontainer, an electric circuit, a pair of spaced i electrodes interposed .in the OlIOLIllLAfllCLZHJl'aHgBd inthe .liquid in tho container a. circuit maker and breaker intcrposcd Ill the circuit for opening the circuitu'licn the liquid in the container reaches a predetermined temperature, and means controllin the amount of current passing throu h t e electrodes.

6. fn an electric liquid heater, :1 liquid container, an electric circuit, a pair of spaced electrodes interposed in the circuit and arranged in the liquid to be heated, a circuit maker and breaker interposed in the circuit for opening the circuit when the temperature of the liquid reaches a predetermined degree, the circuit maker and breaker including an angular tube, an era pansiblc medium arranged in the tube, one end of the tube being disposed in the liquid in-the container; insulating oil in the tube and disposed upon the expunsible medium an immovable plate, a float, a pair of contactscarried bythedate, and n bridge mc1nher carried by the oat.

7. In an electric heater [or liquids, :1 liquid=conteiner, a circuit a pair of electrodes interposed in the circuit and arranger! in the li'uidin the container, a circuit maker-an breaker disposed in *the circuit and anrun ed to open the circuit \vhenthe liquid reac ies a. predetermined temperature, said circuit maker and breaker including an angular. glass tube having one end thereof disposed -in the liquid, 2. quantity- 0f expansible material arranged in the tube, insulating oil ar'ranged on the uppersurface of the expansible medium, a-stetionnry plate arr din the insulating oil a pziirof contaotscarried-by the plate, a float arranged onitlie upper-surface of the oil, a brid c pieeelcarried-bythe-float; and means for a justingthe position of the plate in relation to them and expansible medium.

'8. Inxan electricheater for liquids,= a Iiquidcontainer, a circuit; a pair ofelectrodes intei osed in the circuit and 'arrun ed in the liqui in the container a circuit ma li'cr and breaker disposed in the circuit and arran ed to open the circuit when the liquid es a predetermined temperature, said circuit maker and breaker including an angular glass tube having one end thereof disposed 1n the liquid, :1 quantity of expansiblc material arranged in the tube, insulating oil arranged on the upper surface of the expensiblemedium, astationary plate arranged in the insulating oil, n pair oi c021- taets carried by the plate, a float :1 rm ngcd on the upper surface of the oil, :1 brid-"e piece carried by the float, and men us for edjustin the position of lhe plate in relation to the oil and expansiblc medium. and an electric time contact milking and breaking clock interposed in the circuit. 9. An electric fluid heater comprising :1 water container including a body portion, a narrow stern, a head carried by the stem, and

a m-otectinc' housing for container-{menus for initially? the position of the electrodes toward each other;

and means for'automatically ting the position of the electrodes in relafio'nwo each other in accordance withtlleardount of'currcut'passing tlirough'the 11. In en'electrie fluid heater, a'water-container, a circuit, a. pair of electltfds iljtgr posed in the :ix'cuitjdis'posedinthe water; container, each of the'elelctrodds includixigm flat. body-portion and -a.-'--holldw-stemi tl ie wires forming a part of the iiuic "being threaded throu h the-hollow stems and' secured to the b0 y portions ofithe electrodes; and means for adjustably re'c'iving said stems.

12. In an electric'hquia nearer,- a-wuuwu maker and breaker iiiclu 'mgless tube having an angular spheiical'end -Eanlexpansihie medium 'arran ed in-"tlie bdbeQaii- 'i.n sulntiug oil arrnngfi' tinned on top 'of the'ez rpansilile fmdiur e hcnd curried by 'th'ej tube a' plateimmemed in said oil, :1 stem c'arrie bythe-glatd-and 11d j nstabllv; connected to the head; whereby the position of the plate in'relahqn to the oil and expnnsiblc medium-ciuibe tried, and pair of eontacts' cnrried b1 the upper surface of the plate, an annu aifloat arranged on 'the upper surface of the oil, o.n d an annular bridge piece carried by the float and arranged to engage the contacts at cerlull] periods.

JOHN C. CAVI'IT.

ir'r'the' wheelie-pose 

